Drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease

There are no drug treatments that can cure Alzheimer’s disease or any other common type of dementia.

However, there are medicines for Alzheimer’s disease that can ease symptoms for a while, or slow down their progression, in some people. These drugs do not slow down or stop the progression of the underlying disease in the brain.

Medication can be an important part of a person’s treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, drugs can only help with some symptoms and should only be one part of a person’s care. Information and advice, activities, support and treatments that don’t involve drugs are just as important in helping someone to live well with Alzheimer’s disease. A person with Alzheimer’s disease can look at The dementia guide: Living well after diagnosis, or Alzheimer’s disease: Understanding your diagnosis for more information.

What are the main drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease?

Many drugs have at least two names:

• a name for the main substance in the medicine (such as paracetamol)
• a brand name (such as Panadol or Calpol).

Drugs are sometimes made with only the name of the substance (such as paracetamol) on the packaging. There are four drugs for Alzheimer’s disease:

*XL refers to a drug that is in a slow-release form. See Taking the drugs.

Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine work in a similar way and are all known as ‘acetylcholinesterase inhibitors’. (This is often shortened to ‘cholinesterase inhibitors’.)

Memantine works differently to the other drugs, and is known as an ‘NMDA receptor antagonist’.

The next page tells you more about how these drugs work.